Scotland, King of Scots Malcolm III Canmor "Longneck " I King

Notes:

THE HOUSE OF CANMORE

Malcolm III (1058-1093) (son of Duncan I)

Malcolm married Ingibiorg, daughter of Finn Amasson, widow of Thorlinn, Jarl of Orkney, When she died, he married St. Margaret. One source I have says she was the daughter of Edward Atheling, two others say she was the sister of Edward Atheling. Most likely she was the sister of Atheling and was the great-niece of Edward the Confessor. Duncan II was Malcolm' s son by first marriage. Other sons were Edgar 1098-1107, Alexander 1107-1124 (married an illegitimate daughter of Henry I) and David I (The Saint) 1124-1153. These were children by the second marriage with Margaret. They had six sons in all.

David I had a son Henry, the Earl of Huntingdon, who was never on the throne. He and his wife, Ada, had Malcolm IV (The Maiden) who ruled from 1153 to 1165 and William I (The Lion) who ruled from 1165 to 1214. William's son Alexander II (1214-1249 married Joan, the daughter of John, King of England. His son Alexander III ruled from 1249-1286 and married Margaret, the daughter of Henry III, King of England. Their child, Margaret married the King of Norway and had Margaret, the Maid of Norway who was crowned from 1286-1290.

The reign of Malcolm III, or Canmore as he was known, began the rule of the house of Canmore. This house continued to preside for over two centuries. Canmore means big head or great chief. After the defeat of his father, Malcolm took refuge with his uncle in Northumbir and acquired Anglo-Sxon attitudes. Margaret, his second wife, had a lot of influence over him and through her he substituted Saxon for Gaelic as the court language. His dream was to expand his kingdom into England but this was not to be as William the Conqueror advanced into Scotland in 1072. He made jeweled bindings for her religious books although he could not read them.

Margaret was a much loved and very devout queen. She had travelled widely in Europe and when she came to Scotland she was determined to change the manner of the court both in fashion and standards of behavior. Nobles were forbidden to fight or get drunk at court and she gave each noble his own drinking cup. Margaret was allowed to use her husband's money to help the poor by giving them food, shelter and clothing. She also encouraged trade with foreign merchants. Under her influence, life became more civilized. She also founded many monasteries and tried to bring her Roman Church close together with the Celtic church. Margaret was canonized in 1251.

Malcolm's son was taken as hostage to the English court. In later years, 1093, he decided to invade England for the 5th time. Magaret was very ill in Edinburgh Castle and begged him not to got but he would not listen. Soon after the fighting commenced, he was killed.

Margaret received the news four days later, and being on her deathbed herself, died almost immediately. Soon after his death, Edinburgh Castle was surrounded by Highlanders employed by Donald Bane, Malcolm III's brother, who planned to capture the castle and thus enable him to become king. His plan was to kill his nephews, Margaret's sons, or to put them in prison. The brothers were trapped. They had to take their mother's body to Dumferline to be buried and didn't know how they were to manage. By good fortune or a freak of nature a heavy white mist descended upon the castle and it was so dense that they were able to sneak past the Highlanders with their mother's body. They then made their escape to France. Malcolm had ruled for 35 years but the stability he had gained for Scotland disappeared after his death. A succession of kings followed.

After Malcolm's death, the frontier between Scotland and England for the first time
was defined.

Died:
slain while besieging Alnwick Castle

Malcolm married (St. Margaret of Scotland), PRINCESS OF ENGLAND Margaret in 1067 in Dunfermline. Margaret (daughter of England, THE EXILE Edward "the Atheling" Prince of and Agatha) was born in 1045 in Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland; was buried in , Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Married:
1067 or 1070

1. Princess of Scotland, Matilda (Maud) "Atheling" was born in 1079 in , Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland; died on 1 May 1118 in , Westminster, Middlesex, England; was buried in Jun 1118 in Church of St Peter, Westminster, Middlesex, England.
2. Scotland, King of Scotland Alexander I King of was born in in Of, Scotland; died on 23 Apr 1124 in , Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland; was buried on 25 Apr 1124 in Dunfermline Abbe, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland.
3. Scotland, Edgar King of was born in in Scotland; died on 8 Jan 1107 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland; was buried in , Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland.
4. Scotland, King of Scotland David I "The Saint" King of was born about 1080 in Of, Scotland; died on 24 May 1153 in Carlisle, Cumberland, England; was buried in , Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland.
5. Scotland, Edward Prince of was born about 1068 in Scotland; died on 16 Nov 1093 in , Edwards IsleScotland.
6. Scotland, Edmund Prince of was born about 1070 in Scotland; died in in Montacute, Somerset, England.
7. Scotland, Ethelred Prince of was born about 1072 in Scotland; died on 13 Nov 1093 in Scotland; was buried in Kilremont Church.
8. Scotland, Prince of was born about 1074 in Of, Scotland.
9. Scotland, Prince of was born about 1074 in Of, Scotland.
10. Scotland, Prince of was born about 1076 in Of, Scotland.
11. Scotland, Prince of was born about 1076 in Of, Scotland.
12. Scotland, Mary Princess of was born about 1084 in Scotland; died on 31 May 1116 in St. Saviors Monastery, Bermondsey, Middlesex, England; was buried in , Bermondsey, Middlesex, England.

Malcolm married Finnsdatter, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND Ingeborg in 1059 in Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Ceanmor, King of Scotland Duncan Ii

Notes:

Died:
murdered by Macbeth near Elgin

Duncan married Fitzsiward, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND Sibyl in 1030 in Scotland. Sibyl (daughter of Northumbia, Seward Earl of and Northumbia, Mrs-Seward Countess of) was born about 1014 in Of, Northumberland, England; died in 1040. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Crinan married Scotland, Bethoc (Beatrix) Princess of about 1010 in Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. Bethoc (daughter of (Malcom II), King of Scots Mael-coluim and Mackenneth Queen Of Scotland, Mrs-Malcolm) was born about 984 in Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Seward married Northumbia, Mrs-Seward Countess of. Mrs-Seward was born about 982 in Of, Northumbia, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lord married Mormaer, Mrs-Duncan. Mrs-Duncan was born about 951 in Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Biographical Text:
The son of Kenneth II regained Lothian. The English were fighting the Danish and Malcolm II raided south winning that territory. He made alliances with the Danes. The marriage of his daughter to Sigurd the Stout the Earl of Orkney, extended Malcolm's influence too the far north and he had the alliance of Strathclyde in the west. He was probably over 80 years old when he died.

[NOTE: TANISTRY. The Pictish system of succession was matrilineal. The Scottish system was determined by tanistry - the succession by a previously elected member of the royal family. During the lifetime of the king an heir was chosen and known as tanaiste rig (second to the king). This manner of rule remained until Malcolm II decided on the principle of direct descent. After Malcolm died the succession was based on direct descent.]

Died:
murdered

Mael-coluim married Mackenneth Queen Of Scotland, Mrs-Malcolm about 983 in Scotland. Mrs-Malcolm (daughter of Sigurd) was born about 962 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Biorn married Styrbiornson, Mrs-Biorn. Mrs-Biorn was born about 958 in Of Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]