Scotland, Prince of

Notes:

THE HOUSE OF CANMORE

Malcolm III (1058-1093) (son of Duncan I)

Malcolm married Ingibiorg, daughter of Finn Amasson, widow of Thorlinn, Jarl of Orkney, When she died, he married St. Margaret. One source I have says she was the daughter of Edward Atheling, two others say she was the sister of Edward Atheling. Most likely she was the sister of Atheling and was the great-niece of Edward the Confessor. Duncan II was Malcolm' s son by first marriage. Other sons were Edgar 1098-1107, Alexander 1107-1124 (married an illegitimate daughter of Henry I) and David I (The Saint) 1124-1153. These were children by the second marriage with Margaret. They had six sons in all.

David I had a son Henry, the Earl of Huntingdon, who was never on the throne. He and his wife, Ada, had Malcolm IV (The Maiden) who ruled from 1153 to 1165 and William I (The Lion) who ruled from 1165 to 1214. William's son Alexander II (1214-1249 married Joan, the daughter of John, King of England. His son Alexander III ruled from 1249-1286 and married Margaret, the daughter of Henry III, King of England. Their child, Margaret married the King of Norway and had Margaret, the Maid of Norway who was crowned from 1286-1290.

The reign of Malcolm III, or Canmore as he was known, began the rule of the house of Canmore. This house continued to preside for over two centuries. Canmore means big head or great chief. After the defeat of his father, Malcolm took refuge with his uncle in Northumbir and acquired Anglo-Sxon attitudes. Margaret, his second wife, had a lot of influence over him and through her he substituted Saxon for Gaelic as the court language. His dream was to expand his kingdom into England but this was not to be as William the Conqueror advanced into Scotland in 1072. He made jeweled bindings for her religious books although he could not read them.

Margaret was a much loved and very devout queen. She had travelled widely in Europe and when she came to Scotland she was determined to change the manner of the court both in fashion and standards of behavior. Nobles were forbidden to fight or get drunk at court and she gave each noble his own drinking cup. Margaret was allowed to use her husband's money to help the poor by giving them food, shelter and clothing. She also encouraged trade with foreign merchants. Under her influence, life became more civilized. She also founded many monasteries and tried to bring her Roman Church close together with the Celtic church. Margaret was canonized in 1251.

Malcolm's son was taken as hostage to the English court. In later years, 1093, he decided to invade England for the 5th time. Magaret was very ill in Edinburgh Castle and begged him not to got but he would not listen. Soon after the fighting commenced, he was killed.

Margaret received the news four days later, and being on her deathbed herself, died almost immediately. Soon after his death, Edinburgh Castle was surrounded by Highlanders employed by Donald Bane, Malcolm III's brother, who planned to capture the castle and thus enable him to become king. His plan was to kill his nephews, Margaret's sons, or to put them in prison. The brothers were trapped. They had to take their mother's body to Dumferline to be buried and didn't know how they were to manage. By good fortune or a freak of nature a heavy white mist descended upon the castle and it was so dense that they were able to sneak past the Highlanders with their mother's body. They then made their escape to France. Malcolm had ruled for 35 years but the stability he had gained for Scotland disappeared after his death. A succession of kings followed.

After Malcolm's death, the frontier between Scotland and England for the first time
was defined.

Died:
slain while besieging Alnwick Castle

Malcolm married (St. Margaret of Scotland), PRINCESS OF ENGLAND Margaret in 1067 in Dunfermline. Margaret (daughter of England, THE EXILE Edward "the Atheling" Prince of and Agatha) was born in 1045 in Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland; was buried in , Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Married:
1067 or 1070

Notes:

Died:
murdered by Macbeth near Elgin

Duncan married Fitzsiward, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND Sibyl in 1030 in Scotland. Sibyl (daughter of Northumbia, Seward Earl of and Northumbia, Mrs-Seward Countess of) was born about 1014 in Of, Northumberland, England; died in 1040. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
born posthumously

Christened:
Y

Edward married Agatha about 1035 in Of, London, Middlesex, England. (daughter of Iaroslav, Grand Prince of Kiev I and Sweden, Irina (Ingigerd) of) was born about 1018 in Braunschweig, Prussia; died on 13 Jul 1024. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The long published parental line that from LDS is likely incorrect.

Crinan married Scotland, Bethoc (Beatrix) Princess of about 1010 in Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. Bethoc (daughter of (Malcom II), King of Scots Mael-coluim and Mackenneth Queen Of Scotland, Mrs-Malcolm) was born about 984 in Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Seward married Northumbia, Mrs-Seward Countess of. Mrs-Seward was born about 982 in Of, Northumbia, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Edmund II (981?-1016), Saxon king of the English (1016). Edmund was King of England for only a few months. After the death of his father, Æthelred II, in April 1016, Edmund led the defense of the city of London against the invading Knut Sveinsson (Canute), and was proclaimed king by the Londoners. Meanwhile, the Witan (Council), meeting at Southampton, chose Canute as King. After a series of inconclusive military engagements, in which Edmund performed brilliantly and earned the nickname "Ironside", he defeated the Danish forces at Oxford, Kent, but was routed by Canute's forces at Ashingdon, Essex. A subsequent peace agreement was made, with Edmund controlling Wessex and Canute controlling Mercia and Northumbria. It was also agreed that whoever survived the other would take control of the whole realm. Unfortunately for Edmund, he died in November, 1016, transferring the Kingship of All England completely to Canute.

Edmund married of England, Ealdgyth (Algitha) Queen about Aug 1015 in Of, London, Middlesex, England. Ealdgyth (daughter of Thored Ældorman of Northumbria and England, Edgitha of) was born about 986 in Of, Wessex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

I married Sweden, Irina (Ingigerd) of. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]