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Scotland, "de BRUS" Robert I "The Bruce" King of

Scotland, "de BRUS" Robert I "The Bruce" King of

Male 1274 - 1329  (54 years)

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Generation: 1

  1. 1.  Scotland, "de BRUS" Robert I "The Bruce" King ofScotland, "de BRUS" Robert I "The Bruce" King of was born on 11 Jul 1274 in Writtle, Near Chelmsford, Essex, England; died on 7 Jun 1329 in Cardross, Dunbartonshire, Scotland; was buried in Abbey Church, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland.

    Notes:



    Biographical Text:
    Robert the Bruce, 2nd Earl of Carrick and grandson of the old Competitor had supported Edward I against Balliol but, when Wallace renounced the guardianship of Scotland Bruce and Balliol's nephew,John "Red" Comyn replaced him as joint guardians. After a quarrel with Comyn he returned to Edward's camp and obtained a pardon. Bruce, seeking a reconciliation with Comyn, impulsively stabbed him at Dumfries in a church. He was again outlawed by Edward and excommunicated. Bruce claimed the Scottish throne as great-great-grandson of David I and was crowned at Scone in 1306. He went into hiding in a cave on an island off Ireland after he killed Red Comyn. This is where we get the legend of Bruce and the spider. We do not know if this is a true story but it makes a good legend. He watched the spider spinning its web and attempting to fix the web to the ceiling. At last the spider succeeded. According to the legend, this inspired Bruce to overcome his many hardships and persevere until he had won back Scotland. He made plans to take back his original home, Turnberry Castle. As they made their way to the castle, the plan was that if all was well, a light would be showing at the castle wall. They did see the light but upon nearing the castle, discovered that it was an enemy fire. Nonetheless, Bruce attacked and by this surprise attack gained food, armour and horses. He learned that three of his brothers and his wife, daughter and two sisters had been imprisoned by the English. Although he was now King, he was not well supported by the nobles and so Scottish lands and castles remained in the hands of the English. He knew that he would have to fight castle by castle in order to regain Scotland and drive the English out. Through his perseverance, by 1324 all castles in Scotland except Stirling were in Scottish hands. By this time Edward II was on the throne of England and was much more ineffectual than his father.

    Bruce's much smaller force spectacularly defeated Edward II's 20,000 strong army at Bannockburn. I will say no more here about the Battle as it has been so well written by Skye.

    The Declaration of Arbroath, an affirmation of Scottish independence, was sent to the Pope but the Pope did not recognize Bruce for four years as the rightful king of Scotland. After Edward III ascended to the throne, Bruce's army harassed the English so much that Edward III was forced to acknowledge his sovereignty and Scotland's freedom.

    Not long after the peace Bruce died. He was buried in Dunfermline Abbey. He had always wanted to go on a crusade. When he died his heart was placed in a silver casket and kept by Sir James Douglas who planned to take it on a crusade to the Holy Lands. Douglas joined the army of the King of Spain and while fighting a battle was killed. But before he died, he threw the casket in the midst of the battle crying, "Now go before, brave heart, as you always did, and I shall follow you or die." The casket was recovered
    and returned to Scotland.

    At the end of Bruce's life, he had achieved what he had fought for years to accomplish. Scotland was once again an independent kingdom. Scotland remembers him as "Good King Robert" and his triumph at Bannockburn is a rallying cry to Scots everywhere. Scotland would never again be conquered. Bruce's final legacy was to confirm "Scotland as separate and distinct, not just as a kingdom but as a community, a people and ultimately a nation."

    Robert married Mar, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND Isabell (Matilda) of about 1295. Isabell (daughter of Mar, Donald Earl of and Llewelyn, COUNTESS OF CHESTER Elen (Helen) Verch) was born about 1278 in Of Kildrummy Castle, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; died about 1320. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 2. Bruce, Princess of Scotland Marjorie  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1297 in Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland; died on 2 Mar 1316 in Scotland.

    Robert married Selby, Annabella (Anabel) in Of, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Robert married Burgh, Elizabeth De in 1302 in Writtle, Near Chelsford, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]



Generation: 2

  1. 2.  Bruce, Princess of Scotland MarjorieBruce, Princess of Scotland Marjorie Descendancy chart to this point (1.Robert1) was born about 1297 in Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland; died on 2 Mar 1316 in Scotland.

    Notes:



    Biographical Text:
    The Stewarts were monarchs of Scotland, and subsequently of Great Britain from 1371 to 1714. This illustrious line of monarchs was descended from Marjorie, who was the daughter of King Robert 1 - also known as The Bruce - and her husband Walter. Marjorie died giving birth to Robert II, the founder of the Stewart dynasty and the grandson of Robert the Bruce.

    Marjorie married Stewart, High Steward Of Scotland Walter on 2 Mar 1315 in Scotland. Walter (son of Stewart, HIGH STEWART OF SCOTLAND James and Burgh, Egidia (Giles) De) was born in 1293 in Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland; died on 9 Apr 1326 in Bathgate Castle, Bathgate, West-lothian, Scotland; was buried in Paisley, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 3. Stuart, King Of Scotland Robert Ii  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 2 Mar 1316 in Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland; died on 19 Apr 1390 in Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland; was buried in 1390 in Scone Abbey, Scone, Perthshire, Scotland.

    Marjorie married Scotland, Walter High Steward of on 2 Mar 1315 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]



Generation: 3

  1. 3.  Stuart, King Of Scotland Robert IiStuart, King Of Scotland Robert Ii Descendancy chart to this point (2.Marjorie2, 1.Robert1) was born on 2 Mar 1316 in Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland; died on 19 Apr 1390 in Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland; was buried in 1390 in Scone Abbey, Scone, Perthshire, Scotland.

    Notes:



    He was King from 1371 to 1390. He Suceeded his uncle, King David II on 22 FEB 1370. Robert II became King at the age of 54. He had been appointed Guardian of Scotland twice during the reign of David II and was an experienced statesman. Apparently, he was experienced in other things too since he produced 21 children (13 legitmate and 8 illegitimate). His first wife was Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Adam Mure of Rowallan (9 children) and his second wife was Euphemia, daughter of Hugh, Earl of Ross (4 children). As with his uncle, David II, he did not have the fighting spirit of his grandfather and was a passive person who had a hard time controlling his family or his kingdom. Once again, there was war between England and Scotland. Scotland was assisted by France under the terms of the Auld Alliance.

    One son of Robert II was Alexander, the Wolf of Badenoch, whose son abducted the widowed Countess of Mar and assumed the Earldom. Other sons included the Earl of Strathearn and the Earl of Atholl.

    Regardless of the weakness of the Crown and the strength of the nobles, Robert II was still the 99th King of Scots (counting from the mythical Fergus).

    Robert married Mure, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND Elizabeth on 22 Nov 1347. Elizabeth (daughter of More, Sir, of Rowallan Adam and Danzielstour, Joanna (Janet)) was born about 1320 in Kilmarnock, Scotland; died in 1356 in Scotland; was buried in 1354 in Paisley Chaple, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 4. Stewart, John  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1337 in Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland; died on 4 Apr 1406 in Rothsay Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland; was buried in 1406 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland.
    2. 5. Stewart, EARL OF FIFE Walter  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1338; died about 1361 in Of, Scotland.
    3. 6. Stewart, DUKE OF ALBANY Robert  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1340; died on 3 Sep 1420; was buried in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland.
    4. 7. Stewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND Margaret  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1342; died about 1410 in Of, Scotland.
    5. 8. Stewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND Marjorie  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1344; died after 6 May 1417 in Scotland.
    6. 9. Stewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND Elizabeth  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1346; died about 1389 in Of, Scotland.
    7. 10. Scotland, Isabella Eupheme Stewart Princess of  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1348; died about 1410.
    8. 11. Stewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND Jean  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1350; was buried in Scone Abbey, Scone, Perthshire, Scotland.
    9. 12. Stewart, EARL OF BUCHAN Alexander  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1352; died after 1 Aug 1405.

    Family/Spouse: Leitch, CONCUBINE 1 Mora. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Family/Spouse: Carney, CONCUBINE 2 Marion. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Robert married Ross, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND Euphemia on 2 May 1355 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]



Generation: 4

  1. 4.  Stewart, JohnStewart, John Descendancy chart to this point (3.Robert3, 2.Marjorie2, 1.Robert1) was born about 1337 in Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland; died on 4 Apr 1406 in Rothsay Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland; was buried in 1406 in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland.

    Notes:

    Acceded: 14 AUG 1390, Scone Abbey, Perthshire

    The troubles with England continued under Robert III. Actually, his real name was John but he changed it because there has been so many Johns who were ill-fated. His re-naming of himself didn't seem to have helped. He was disabled from a horse kicking him when he was a youth. He did not command respect. He was 53 when he was crowned.

    The Duke of Albany, his brother, who may have been responsible for the death of Robert III's son, David, was a very forceful person and Robert III was overshadowed by him. To protect his second son, James I, he sent James away from Scotland.

    Albany became the Governor of Scotland after Robert III died and James I was a prisoner of the English. Albany ruled Scotland as Governor until his death and was succeeded as Governor by his incompetent son, Murdoch.

    Robert III told his wife, Annabella, that his epitaph should be: "Here lies the worst of kings and the most wretched of men in the whole realm." He said he should be buried on a rubbish heap.

    (This is a little confusing but possibly an illegimate child of his named Lady Jean married first to Sir John Keith, second to Sr. John Lyon and third to Sir James Sandilands was the ancestor of H.M. Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother.)

    While the power of the crown suffered from the weaknesses of its kings during this time, the baronage was strong. Four successive heads of the Clan Donald, who assumed the title, Lord of the Isles, were almost independent of the king, such was their strength. In the south, the Black Douglases were strong and actually made a bid for the Crown in 1371. Both of these houses were connected to the Crown by marriage.

    The most important advantage Scotland had at this time was the continued weakness of England. Edward III was very old, Richard II was very young, the accession of Henry IV, the failure in France after the appearance of Joan of Arc and the War of the Roses all weakened English power.

    There were also economic trouble, the Peasants' Revolt and the sharp decline in the yield of wool. Therefore, in these circumstances, the English Kings were unable to exploit their difficulties with Scotland. The claim to suzerainty was left in abeyance although asserted by Henry IV when he wished to proclaim himself in the succession of English Kings.

    Robert III's son, James I, was kidnapped by the English and taken to France by Henry V. There are other reports saying that Robert III sent his son to France for safety reasons.

    John married Drummond, Annabella on 13 Mar 1365 in Dispensation, Scotland. Annabella (daughter of Drummond, 11TH SENESCHAL OF LENNOX John and Montefex, Mary) was born about 1350 in Of, Stobhall, Cargill, Perthshire, Scotland; died in 1401 in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in 1401 in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 13. Stewart, John  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1368.
    2. 14. Margaret, Princess of Scotland {Countess of  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1370 in Of, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland; died before Sep 1456 in Thrieve Castle, Galloway, Galloway, Scotland; was buried in Lincluden Chaple, Kirknewton, Mid-lothian, Scotland.
    3. 15. Scotland, DUKE OF ROTHSEY David Prince of  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 24 Oct 1378 in Of, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland; died on 26 Mar 1402 in Falkland Castle, Falkland, Fifeshire, Scotland; was buried in Lindores Abbey, Scotland.
    4. 16. Stewart, Lady Mary  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1380 in Of, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland; died in 1458 in Scotland; was buried about 1458 in Strathblanechaple, Strathblane, Stirlingshire, Scotland.
    5. 17. Robert, Prince of Scotland  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1383 in Of, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland.
    6. 18. Scotland, Elizabeth Princess of  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1387 in Of, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland; died before 1478.
    7. 19. Egidia, Princess of Scotland  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1390 in Of, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland.
    8. 20. Scotland, James I King of  Descendancy chart to this point was born in Dec 1394; died on 21 Feb 1437; was buried in 1437 in Charter House, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland.

  2. 5.  Stewart, EARL OF FIFE WalterStewart, EARL OF FIFE Walter Descendancy chart to this point (3.Robert3, 2.Marjorie2, 1.Robert1) was born about 1338; died about 1361 in Of, Scotland.

    Walter married Macduff, COUNTESS OF FIFE Isabella about 1360. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  3. 6.  Stewart, DUKE OF ALBANY RobertStewart, DUKE OF ALBANY Robert Descendancy chart to this point (3.Robert3, 2.Marjorie2, 1.Robert1) was born about 1340; died on 3 Sep 1420; was buried in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland.

    Family/Spouse: Keith, DUCHESS OF ALBANY Muriella. Muriella (daughter of Dekeith, KNIGHT William and Fraser, Margaret) was born about 1351 in Of, Argyllshire, Scotland; died before 1 Jun 1449. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Family/Spouse: Murdoch, Margaret. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Robert married Graham, COUNTESS OF MENTEITH Margaret on 9 Sep 1361 in Dispensation, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  4. 7.  Stewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND MargaretStewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND Margaret Descendancy chart to this point (3.Robert3, 2.Marjorie2, 1.Robert1) was born about 1342; died about 1410 in Of, Scotland.

    Margaret married Macdonald, John on 14 Jun 1350 in Dispensation, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  5. 8.  Stewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND MarjorieStewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND Marjorie Descendancy chart to this point (3.Robert3, 2.Marjorie2, 1.Robert1) was born about 1344; died after 6 May 1417 in Scotland.

    Marjorie married Keith, KNIGHT Alexander before 24 Apr 1403 in Scotland. Alexander (son of Dekeith, KNIGHT William and Fraser, Margaret) was born about 1340 in Of, Grantown, Morayshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Marjorie married Dunbar, EARL OF MORAY John on 11 Jul 1370 in Dispensation, Scotland. John (son of Dunbar, KNIGHT Patrick and Randolph, Isobel) was born about 1340; died before Feb 1392. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  6. 9.  Stewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND ElizabethStewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND Elizabeth Descendancy chart to this point (3.Robert3, 2.Marjorie2, 1.Robert1) was born about 1346; died about 1389 in Of, Scotland.

    Elizabeth married Hay, KNIGHT Thomas on 7 Nov 1372. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  7. 10.  Scotland, Isabella Eupheme Stewart Princess ofScotland, Isabella Eupheme Stewart Princess of Descendancy chart to this point (3.Robert3, 2.Marjorie2, 1.Robert1) was born about 1348; died about 1410.

    Isabella married Douglas, EARL OF DOUGLAS James on 23 Sep 1371 in Dispensation, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Isabella married Edmonstone, Sir John in 1389 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  8. 11.  Stewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND JeanStewart, PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND Jean Descendancy chart to this point (3.Robert3, 2.Marjorie2, 1.Robert1) was born about 1350; was buried in Scone Abbey, Scone, Perthshire, Scotland.

    Jean married Keith, KNIGHT John before 17 Jan 1374 in Scotland. John (son of Dekeith, KNIGHT William and Fraser, Margaret) was born about 1346 in Perthshire, Scotland; died before 27 Dec 1375. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Jean married Lyon, Chmbrln ofSctlnd John before 4 Oct 1376 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Jean married Sandilands, Sir James on 2 Jun 1384 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  9. 12.  Stewart, EARL OF BUCHAN AlexanderStewart, EARL OF BUCHAN Alexander Descendancy chart to this point (3.Robert3, 2.Marjorie2, 1.Robert1) was born about 1352; died after 1 Aug 1405.

    Alexander married Ross, Euphemia Countess of on 24 Jul 1382 in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Family/Spouse: Concubine 1. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Family/Spouse: Athyn, CONCUBINE 2 Mariot. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Family/Spouse: Concubine 3. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Family/Spouse: Concubine 4. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Family/Spouse: Concubine 5. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Family/Spouse: Concubine 6. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Family/Spouse: Concubine 7. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
  

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