Scotland, King of Scotland David I "The Saint" King of

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Biographical Text:
David was the youngest son of Margaret and Malcolm III. No one expected him to become king but his reign proved to be an outstanding one for Scotland. He married a granddaughter of Earl Siward of Northumbria and through that alliance had a legitimate claim to a large part of northern England. He had been a prisoner of his uncle Donald Bane but escaped and was brought up at the court of Henry I. He became familiar with English and Norman ways. He was treated well by Henry who arranged a marriage for him to the heiress of vast Northumberland estates. Henry appointed him the ruler of Cumbria, thereby increasing his power. When Henry died he took advantage of the confusion and inaction to press into England taking Carlisle and Newcastle before he was defeated at the battle of the Standard. King Stephen (of England) at the time was not in a position to alienate the Scottish king and by the Treaty of Durham David gained control of Northumbria. As Earl of Huntingdon, David had to swear an oath of loyalty to the English king. Having been brought up in England when he returned to Scotland to succeed Alexander, he took with him powerful Anglo-Norman influences which would eventually transform Scottish society. David's Norman friends soon held most of the important positions within the Church and State. He issued the first Scottish coinage and honored his mother's piety by establishing monastic center. David gave the Normans lands which meant they the Normans gained landowner privileges and authority over the lives of those living on their land. In the lowlands the Celtic ways of tribe and kinship were replaced by the new feudal system of laws and regulations. David influenced language development so that while Gaelic was spoken by highlanders, Inglis, a Scottish variant of English, was adopted in the south. His reign enhanced the prestige of the monarchy. He maintained order, and overcame his enemies partly with the support from the Normans by establishing royal burghs and shires and a system of control over the people. He was deeply religious as was his mother and he founded many abbeys. The king assigned lands to the abbey and in return gained protection and spiritual support from the abbots, monks and clergy. His only son Earl Henry died in 1152. He was married to the daughter of the Earl of Surrey and they had three children, Malcolm IV, Will the Lion and David. He appointed his grandson Malcolm as his successor.

Eulogy on David's death: O desolate Scotia, who shall console thee now? He is no more who made an untilled and barren land a land that is pleasant and plenteous.

David married Huntington, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND Maud (Matilda) of in 1113/14 in Scotland. Maud (daughter of Waltheof, Earl of Huntingdon II and Boulogne, Countess of Huntingdon Judith of) was born in 1072 in Of, Huntington, Huntingdonshire, England; died on 23 Apr 1130 in Scotland; was buried in , Scone, Perthshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Warenne, COUNTESS OF HUNTINGDON Ada De in 1139 in England. Ada (daughter of Warenne (Warren), EARL OF SURREY William Ii De and Vermandois, Isabel (Elizabeth) De) was born about 1104 in Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdon, England; died in 1178. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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Died:
Infant

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Biographical Text:
Malcolm was known as the Maiden because he never married and maintained a vow of chastity. Malcolm was only 11 years old when he came to the throne. There were several rebellions during his reign because his succession was disputed. However it was during his reign that the first references were made in written charters to the "Kingdom of Scotland." He was forced to renounce his rights to Northumbria when Henry II became king of England. Although this improved Scotland's relationship with England, the Scottish nobles were not pleased.

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Biographical Text:
William succeeded his unmarried brother, Malcolm IV. He got his name because of the emblem he adopted for his armor. Armor encased a knight from head to toe and made him unrecognizable. Therefore, each knight adopted an emblem to be recognized by one another. William's was a "roaring, clawing beast of blood in red on a yellow background" - the Lion Rampant. This became the emblem of Scotland. William ruled for 49 years which made him the longest reigning monarch in Scotland up to that time. His brother had made peace with King Henry of England but William led an army to Northumberland to take Alnwick Castle. He was defeated, captured and imprisoned in Normandy. The price of his release was his kingdom. He was released after he accepted Henry II as overlord of Scotland. Henry died 15 years later and Richard Coeur-de-Lion came to the English throne. Richard's ambition in life was to go on a crusade. He needed money for such an undertaking and William the Lion was able to buy back the sovereignty in 1189 by giving 10,000 merks to Richard I's third crusade, thereby being released from being a vassal of the English king. William produced a son (and several daughters), Alexander II. He paid a dowry of 15,000 merks to secure the marriage of his two daughters to King John's sons but this bargain was broken by the English king.

Family/Spouse: Avenel, CONCUBINE 1 Miss. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mrs-William, Concubine of Scotland I. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mrs-William, Concubine of Scotland I. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mrs-William, Concubine of Scotland I. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Hythus, Concubine 5 Miss. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mrs-William, Concubine of Scotland I. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mrs-William, Concubine of Scotland I. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mrs-William, Concubine of Scotland I. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mrs-William, Concubine of Scotland I. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mrs-William, Concubine of Scotland I. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Beaumont, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND Ermengarde De on 5 Sep 1189 in , Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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Birth:
Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England

David married Meschines, COUNTESS OF HUNTINGDON Maud De on 26 Aug 1190 in Of, Scotland. Maud (daughter of Kevelioc De Meschines Earl Of Chester, Hugh of and Montfort (Evreux), COUNTESS OF CHESTER Bertrade De) was born about 1163 in Of, Cheshire, England; died on 6 Jan 1233. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mrs-David, Concubine of Huntingdon. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ada married Holland, Floris Iii "Crusader" Count of on 28 Aug 1162. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Marjory married Angus, Gilchrist Earl of in 1169. Gilchrist (son of Angus, Gillbride Earl of and Dunbar, Miss De) was born about 1154 in Of, Forfar, Angusshire, Scotland; died between 1207 and 1211. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Bretagne, Conan Iv "Le Petit" Count of in Of, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Bohun, Constable of England Humphrey De before Apr 1175 in England ?. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Bohun, Constable of England Humphrey De before Apr 1175 in England ?. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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Birth:
Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England

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Birth:
Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England

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Birth:
Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England

Margaret married Galloway, LORD OF GALLOWAY Alan De in 1209 in Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England. Alan (son of Galloway, Roland of and Morville, Elena (Helena) De) was born about 1186 in Of, Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland; died in 1234 in SPM Legit; was buried in Abbey Of Dundrennan, Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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Birth:
Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England

Isabelle married Bruce, BARON OF ANNANDALE Robert De about 1209 in Of, Huntingdonshire, England. Robert (son of Bruce, BaronofAnnandale William De and Brus, Christine Mrs) was born about 1164 in Of, Annandale, Dumfrieshire, Scotland; died in 1245; was buried in Saltre Abbey, Stilton, Huntingtonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England

Died:
Unmarried

John married Llewelyn, COUNTESS OF CHESTER Elen (Helen) Verch in 1222. Elen (daughter of Iorwerth, PRINCE OF WALES Llewelyn Ap and England, PRINCESS OF WALES Joan Princess of) was born about 1206 in Of, Caernarvonshire, Wales; died before 24 Oct 1253 in Of, Chester, Cheshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England

Ada married Hastings, KNIGHT Henry De before 1237. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ada married Hastings, KNIGHT Henry De before 1237. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Angus, Mrs-Duncan Countess of. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Stewart, HIGH STEWARD OF SCOTLAND Walter. Walter (son of Fitzwalter, HIGH STEWARD OF SCOTLAND Alan) was born about 1180 in Of, Scotland; died in 1241. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]