Fitzsiward, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND Sibyl

Sibyl married Scotland, King of Scots Duncan I King of in 1030 in Scotland. Duncan (son of Thane, Lay ABBOT OF DUNKELD Crinan the and Scotland, Bethoc (Beatrix) Princess of) was born about 1013 in Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland; died on 14 Aug 1040 in Iona, near Elgin, Scotland (killed By Macbeth); was buried in Iona, Near Elgin, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Scotland, Macbeth King of. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Moray, Gillacomgan Mormaer of. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Biographical Text:
Donald Ban or Bane (Fair) was the younger brother of Malcolm III. Donald claimed the crown on the grounds of tanistry at the age of 60, but was deposed a year later by Malcolm's son, Duncan, who was backed by the English King.

For a shot time, Duncan II, son of Malcom III became King. Then, again, Donald Ban became King. After being deposed he had joined forces with his cousin Edmund (note: in looking at the relationships, Donald would be an uncle of Edmund) who was a son of Malcolm and Margaret. They managed to kill Duncan II and together ruled Scotland (Donald in Scotia and Edmund in Lothian). They were opposed by Edmund's brother Edgar who declared himself a vassal of the King of England and with the help of an English army overthrew the pair. Edmund was pardoned and became a monk. Donald Ban was blinded and sentenced to life imprisonment. As a reprisal, Donald strangled his nephew David's eldest son.

Donald married Scotland, Mrs-Donald Iii Queen of in 1059 in , Rescobie, Angusshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

THE HOUSE OF CANMORE

Malcolm III (1058-1093) (son of Duncan I)

Malcolm married Ingibiorg, daughter of Finn Amasson, widow of Thorlinn, Jarl of Orkney, When she died, he married St. Margaret. One source I have says she was the daughter of Edward Atheling, two others say she was the sister of Edward Atheling. Most likely she was the sister of Atheling and was the great-niece of Edward the Confessor. Duncan II was Malcolm' s son by first marriage. Other sons were Edgar 1098-1107, Alexander 1107-1124 (married an illegitimate daughter of Henry I) and David I (The Saint) 1124-1153. These were children by the second marriage with Margaret. They had six sons in all.

David I had a son Henry, the Earl of Huntingdon, who was never on the throne. He and his wife, Ada, had Malcolm IV (The Maiden) who ruled from 1153 to 1165 and William I (The Lion) who ruled from 1165 to 1214. William's son Alexander II (1214-1249 married Joan, the daughter of John, King of England. His son Alexander III ruled from 1249-1286 and married Margaret, the daughter of Henry III, King of England. Their child, Margaret married the King of Norway and had Margaret, the Maid of Norway who was crowned from 1286-1290.

The reign of Malcolm III, or Canmore as he was known, began the rule of the house of Canmore. This house continued to preside for over two centuries. Canmore means big head or great chief. After the defeat of his father, Malcolm took refuge with his uncle in Northumbir and acquired Anglo-Sxon attitudes. Margaret, his second wife, had a lot of influence over him and through her he substituted Saxon for Gaelic as the court language. His dream was to expand his kingdom into England but this was not to be as William the Conqueror advanced into Scotland in 1072. He made jeweled bindings for her religious books although he could not read them.

Margaret was a much loved and very devout queen. She had travelled widely in Europe and when she came to Scotland she was determined to change the manner of the court both in fashion and standards of behavior. Nobles were forbidden to fight or get drunk at court and she gave each noble his own drinking cup. Margaret was allowed to use her husband's money to help the poor by giving them food, shelter and clothing. She also encouraged trade with foreign merchants. Under her influence, life became more civilized. She also founded many monasteries and tried to bring her Roman Church close together with the Celtic church. Margaret was canonized in 1251.

Malcolm's son was taken as hostage to the English court. In later years, 1093, he decided to invade England for the 5th time. Magaret was very ill in Edinburgh Castle and begged him not to got but he would not listen. Soon after the fighting commenced, he was killed.

Margaret received the news four days later, and being on her deathbed herself, died almost immediately. Soon after his death, Edinburgh Castle was surrounded by Highlanders employed by Donald Bane, Malcolm III's brother, who planned to capture the castle and thus enable him to become king. His plan was to kill his nephews, Margaret's sons, or to put them in prison. The brothers were trapped. They had to take their mother's body to Dumferline to be buried and didn't know how they were to manage. By good fortune or a freak of nature a heavy white mist descended upon the castle and it was so dense that they were able to sneak past the Highlanders with their mother's body. They then made their escape to France. Malcolm had ruled for 35 years but the stability he had gained for Scotland disappeared after his death. A succession of kings followed.

After Malcolm's death, the frontier between Scotland and England for the first time
was defined.

Died:
slain while besieging Alnwick Castle

Malcolm married (St. Margaret of Scotland), PRINCESS OF ENGLAND Margaret in 1067 in Dunfermline. Margaret (daughter of England, THE EXILE Edward "the Atheling" Prince of and Agatha) was born in 1045 in Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland; was buried in , Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Malcolm married Finnsdatter, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND Ingeborg in 1059 in Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Duncan married Allerdale, Countess of Moray Octreda of about 1076 in Of, Cumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Westminster Palace

Matilda married England, Beauclerc, King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" King of on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster, London, Middlesex, England. Henry (son of Conqueror, KING OF ENGLAND William I the and of Flanders Queen of England, Maud (Matilda) Countess) was born in 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; was christened on 5 Aug 1100 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; died on 1 Dec 1135 in , St Denis, Seine-St Denis, France; was buried on 4 Jan 1136 in Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Biographical Text:
Alexander was married to Sybilla, an illegitimate daughter of Henry I. At that time it was called a natural child. Henry I in turn was married to Alexander's sister Maud. Everything was so interrelational by marriage. Henry and Maud had no legitimate children. He was called the Fierce after dealing with an uprising in Moray. Although he was technically an English vassal, he dissuaded Scottish bishops from accepting the authority of York and appointed his mother's biographer Rugot to the see of St. Andrews. He was described as a lettered and godly man but was nicknamed "the Fierce" after dealing ruthlessly with an uprising. He died leaving no issue.

Alexander married Scotland, Sibyl Elizabeth Queen of in 1107. Sibyl (daughter of England, Beauclerc, King of England Henry I "Beauclerc" King of and Corbet, Sibyl (Adela) (Lucy)) was born in in Of, Westminster, Middlesex, England; died on 12 Jul 1122 in Island Of, Loch Tay, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Sp. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Concubine. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Concubine. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Biographica Text:
Edgar was the fourth son of Malcolm Canmore and Queen Margaret. He was very submissive to England, gifted the Western Isles to King Magnus Barelegs of Norway and encouraged Anglo-Norman immigrants to Scotland. This all earned him the name of the Peaceable but it was a derrogatory term towards him. Edgar did not marry and bequeathed his kingdom to his brothers, Alexander to be monarch and David as king's lieutenant.

Notes:

Biographical Text:
David was the youngest son of Margaret and Malcolm III. No one expected him to become king but his reign proved to be an outstanding one for Scotland. He married a granddaughter of Earl Siward of Northumbria and through that alliance had a legitimate claim to a large part of northern England. He had been a prisoner of his uncle Donald Bane but escaped and was brought up at the court of Henry I. He became familiar with English and Norman ways. He was treated well by Henry who arranged a marriage for him to the heiress of vast Northumberland estates. Henry appointed him the ruler of Cumbria, thereby increasing his power. When Henry died he took advantage of the confusion and inaction to press into England taking Carlisle and Newcastle before he was defeated at the battle of the Standard. King Stephen (of England) at the time was not in a position to alienate the Scottish king and by the Treaty of Durham David gained control of Northumbria. As Earl of Huntingdon, David had to swear an oath of loyalty to the English king. Having been brought up in England when he returned to Scotland to succeed Alexander, he took with him powerful Anglo-Norman influences which would eventually transform Scottish society. David's Norman friends soon held most of the important positions within the Church and State. He issued the first Scottish coinage and honored his mother's piety by establishing monastic center. David gave the Normans lands which meant they the Normans gained landowner privileges and authority over the lives of those living on their land. In the lowlands the Celtic ways of tribe and kinship were replaced by the new feudal system of laws and regulations. David influenced language development so that while Gaelic was spoken by highlanders, Inglis, a Scottish variant of English, was adopted in the south. His reign enhanced the prestige of the monarchy. He maintained order, and overcame his enemies partly with the support from the Normans by establishing royal burghs and shires and a system of control over the people. He was deeply religious as was his mother and he founded many abbeys. The king assigned lands to the abbey and in return gained protection and spiritual support from the abbots, monks and clergy. His only son Earl Henry died in 1152. He was married to the daughter of the Earl of Surrey and they had three children, Malcolm IV, Will the Lion and David. He appointed his grandson Malcolm as his successor.

Eulogy on David's death: O desolate Scotia, who shall console thee now? He is no more who made an untilled and barren land a land that is pleasant and plenteous.

David married Huntington, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND Maud (Matilda) of in 1113/14 in Scotland. Maud (daughter of Waltheof, Earl of Huntingdon II and Boulogne, Countess of Huntingdon Judith of) was born in 1072 in Of, Huntington, Huntingdonshire, England; died on 23 Apr 1130 in Scotland; was buried in , Scone, Perthshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Boulogne, Eustache Iii Count De in 1102. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Biograhical Text:
Duncan II ruled a very short time (May-November 1094). He had spent many years as a hostage in England. His position as a English vassal was unpopular in Scotland. His stepbrother Edmund and Donald Ban combined to defeat him and he was killed. However, he granted the earliest surviving Scottish charter.

Elizabeth married Galloway, Fergus Lord of about 1124 in Of, Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. Fergus was born about 1090 in Of, Galloway, Scotland; died in 1161 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland; was buried on 12 May 1161 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

married Plantagenet, COUNT OF ANJOU Geoffrey V "Le Bon" on 3 Apr 1127 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. Geoffrey (son of Anjou, King of Jerusalem Fulk V "the young" Count of and Maine, COUNTESS OF ANJOU Erembourg Countess of) was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in , ChateauFrance. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

married Germany, KING OF THE GERMANS Heinrich V Emperor of on 7 Jan 1114 in Mainz, Rheinhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, and was divorced on 22 May 1125 in Utrecht. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Anjou, DUCHESS OF NORMANDY Mathilde D' in Jun 1119 in , Lisieux, Calvados, France. Mathilde was born about 1104 in Of, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France; died in 1154 in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Warenne, COUNTESS OF HUNTINGDON Ada De in 1139 in England. Ada (daughter of Warenne (Warren), EARL OF SURREY William Ii De and Vermandois, Isabel (Elizabeth) De) was born about 1104 in Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdon, England; died in 1178. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Infant